Definition

Embedded resistors are resistive elements built into the PCB substrate rather than surface-mounted. They're created using resistive foil (like Ohmega-Ply with NiCr alloy) laminated into the stackup, then imaged and etched to define resistor geometry, or using carbon paste screen-printed onto inner layers. Benefits include size reduction, improved signal integrity (no parasitic inductance), and reliability. Tolerances are typically ±10-25% (carbon) or ±5-10% (thin-film foil). Values range from 10Ω to 10MΩ depending on technology.